Sometimes a work is lying in front of me and I do not know whether it needs anything more.
A line could be extended. An area could be made denser. There is almost always something I could add or take away. Yet there are moments when another intervention feels wrong. Not because of a rule. More as if I would be disturbing something that is already there.
Where does that judgement come from?
Experience would be the obvious answer. But experience does not just sharpen perception. It also creates habits. What is familiar catches my eye more quickly, and what I have done often can feel right for that very reason. Feeling sure says little about how closely I am actually looking.
A language of our own is not simply there from the beginning. Before we make work ourselves, we have already seen images. We learn techniques and absorb ideas about what counts as balanced, strong, empty or too much. Even if we learn much of it on our own, we do not work without influences. Over time, some decisions begin to feel more natural.
Materials, movements and forms recur without needing to be justified each time. Eventually we begin to recognise something in them as our own work.
Reading Hermann Hesse’s Demian made me think of this. At the beginning, Emil Sinclair’s world is clearly divided. There is the bright order of his parents’ home, and beside it another world that unsettles and attracts him. Before long, it becomes clear that this division does not remain outside him. Sinclair belongs to both.
Early in the novel, Demian tells him the story of Cain differently from the way Sinclair has learned it. The mark of Cain no longer appears only as a sign of guilt. Demian reads it as the mark of someone whose distinctiveness unsettles others or frightens them.
Whether that interpretation is convincing is not what interests me most. What matters more is that a story Sinclair had known as fixed can suddenly be read another way.
I notice something similar while working. Ideas that once seemed clear become less certain. When is a work finished? When is an area too empty? When is a mark a mistake, and when is it the very thing that carries the image? Many such judgements seem self-evident until I begin to ask where that certainty actually comes from.
Demian could easily be reduced to an instruction to follow one’s inner voice. I find that difficult. An inner voice is not automatically trustworthy. Defiance can feel like independence, and even wanting to be different can keep us closely tied to what we are trying to distance ourselves from.
At some point, though, it is no longer only other people’s ideas that come into question, but also the image we have built of ourselves.
I know this shift from my own work. At first, other people’s standards can be especially loud. Later they grow quieter. Other certainties take their place:
This is how I work.
This kind of line belongs to my work.
Not that.
A language of our own can become a rule we start to follow.
This happens quietly because the rule no longer looks like conformity. It can feel like consistency, or like being true to yourself. I have become wary of that phrase too. Elsewhere, Hesse writes that an artist can give something unique if he remains true to himself. But which self are we being true to if that self changes? Demian, in particular, shows how constricting an idea of oneself can become once it has taken hold.
The novel was written during a severe crisis in Hesse’s life. His psychoanalytic work with Josef Bernhard Lang forms part of that background; Pistorius bears traces of Lang. That does not explain the novel, but it helps explain why self-observation, inner division and change occupy so much space within it.
Sinclair needs other people. Demian changes the way he sees. Pistorius opens up new ways of thinking and experiencing. Yet neither can do for Sinclair what he ultimately has to do for himself.
Influences do not have to disappear for something of our own to emerge. Some of them open up what we could not see before.
At the beginning of Siddhartha, Siddhartha already knows a great deal. He is religiously educated, familiar with meditation and ascetic practice, has learned from teachers and is highly disciplined. When he meets Gotama, he does not have to deny the Buddha’s greatness. The Buddha does not have to be wrong for Siddhartha not to follow him.
A teaching can be passed on. What someone experiences through it cannot be passed on in the same way.
When I work, it is similar. Technical knowledge can be learned. I can learn how paper reacts to water, how paint behaves, or how density changes an area. I can study composition and look at other artists’ work to understand why certain decisions work.
In front of my own work, though, something remains open.
What does this image need?
Not an image in general. This one.
Nor does Siddhartha turn this into a simple call to listen only to oneself. His path is not a sequence of correct decisions. Asceticism, desire, possession and weariness all belong to it. Experiences that eventually stop sustaining him are still part of his path.
Later, Siddhartha returns to the river and to Vasudeva. The ferryman gives him no new doctrine. He keeps directing Siddhartha’s attention back to the river. Siddhartha has to listen for himself.
From the river he learns more than how to listen. His sense of time changes too. In the image of the river, source, mouth and everything between them are present at once. Siddhartha begins to see his own life differently.
Vasudeva cannot have this experience for him. Without him, though, this kind of listening might not have become possible in the same way.
Michael Ende’s Momo touches the same idea from another direction. Momo’s particular gift is listening. She does not listen in order to provide the right answer afterwards. In her presence, others begin to speak, tell stories, or recognise something for which there had previously been no room.
Vasudeva helps Siddhartha listen to the river. Momo listens to people in a way that allows them to find something for themselves. Both show that an influence can matter deeply without determining the outcome.
The phrase “your own way” has started to sound too simple to me. It can suggest that all we need to do is separate ourselves firmly enough from everything that comes from outside us. In Hesse, our relationship to other people is more complicated. Teachers, friends, books and experiences are part of the path. Momo adds another question: how we move along it.
Beppo the street sweeper does not think about the whole street while he sweeps. He gives his attention to the next stroke of the broom. This can be read as advice to break a large task into smaller steps. Something else interests me. Each stroke is not merely a means of eventually getting the street finished.
Later, Beppo too falls under the influence of the grey gentlemen and begins sweeping differently: frantically, concerned only with saving as much time as possible. He is still sweeping streets, but he is no longer working in the same way.
For me, Beppo is therefore not simply about slowness. What matters is whether what he is doing matters in itself, or only what comes of it later.
When I work, the whole street can enter the picture too soon.
Where is my work going?
Has a language already emerged from it?
Does this work fit with what came before?
Such questions can be useful. But they can also reduce a single work to the role it plays within a larger development.
Even the search itself can eventually hold too much of my attention. Siddhartha has spent a long time trying things out, rejecting them and continuing his search. Eventually, that movement is no longer enough. He does not need another possibility. He needs to notice what is already there.
I know this difference in the studio. Sometimes I work by trying to move something in a particular direction. At other times, I first need to see what has already emerged through a movement, the material, water, or an earlier intervention. Both are part of working. Not every work needs the same degree of direction.
The fact that Hesse himself painted makes this question especially tangible for me. His painting began around the time of that crisis and became a practice he continued for decades. What matters most to me is how carefully Hesse thinks about seeing while he paints.
In A Guest at the Spa (Kurgast), he distinguishes between something that can be learned and something more difficult. Matching individual colours can be practised and repeated, he says. Harder is keeping the parts of the image that are not yet visible in mind while painting, and sensing the whole through the relationships between its parts.
Technical skill can grow without making it any clearer when an image is enough. The whole is not something you can apply like a rule.
Elsewhere, Hesse also writes about devotion and about how strongly his watercolours transform visible reality through personal feeling. Faced with the same subject, different images emerge because each person relates differently to what they see.
I find that thought liberating. It makes originality less of a task.
And yet I do not entirely trust it. The idea that everyone simply sees in their own unique way can become too comfortable. Perception is also shaped by habits, memories and what we have learned. It can narrow. And it can be mistaken.
Another danger appears in Gigi. His gift is storytelling. Later it brings him success. Storytelling becomes his profession, and he comes under pressure to keep producing. Something that once emerged freely is expected to be repeatable.
Repetition and recognisability are not problems in themselves. Neither is success. But if the next work is expected to look a certain way because the previous one worked, our relationship to what we are doing changes.
We begin to serve our own language.
In Über das Glück (On Happiness), a volume compiled by Volker Michels, painting, colour, language and nature recur throughout. It is not a single work conceived by Hesse as a whole, but a collection of texts from different periods. The title essay dates from 1949.
Hesse begins surprisingly close to everyday life. He writes about the ability to take pleasure in something without its value depending on immediate usefulness. Colour, sound, language and beauty belong to this realm for him.
Words, too, do not carry the same inner value for everyone. He compares them to a painter’s colours: what is almost neutral for one person can stir memory, sound or feeling in another.
Here, what is one’s own seems less like something that has to be made. It already shows itself in what someone responds to.
A language can become our own long before we can name it. It may be there in small decisions that are barely noticeable at first: what holds the gaze, which mark is allowed to remain, how much emptiness we can tolerate, when a movement becomes too much. Some of this can be explained later. Some of it simply remains bound to experience.
Later, Hesse connects happiness with moments of being fully present, when hope and fear recede.
I do not read this as a late answer to Demian or Siddhartha. Too many years and too many other works lie between them.
For the grey gentlemen in Momo, time becomes something to calculate and save. Conversations, pauses, play, or activities with no visible return suddenly look like waste. Time is supposed to pay off later.
An artistic path can be viewed that way too.
A discarded work would then make sense only if I had learned something from it. A detour would have to prove necessary later. A phase would have value because it led to the next.
That feels too narrow to me.
I do not want to make a mistake look better in retrospect or turn a failed work into a necessary stage of development. Still, the time I spent with it was not automatically worthless simply because nothing came of it later.
The hour-flowers in Momo give this thought a powerful image. One flower follows another; each opens and passes away. I do not see in them a ladder from what came earlier to something better. Change does not automatically mean progress.
An artistic phase can end without having been wrong. A new work can be different without disproving the one before it.
With each new experience, I may look differently at what lies behind me. What happened does not change. A decision that seemed clear for a long time may later appear in a new context. And that may also change what I can imagine for the future.
This brings me back to the story of Cain in Demian. The story remains the same, but Sinclair suddenly reads it differently. Something similar can happen with my own work. An image I consider finished today may look different to me later. That does not make today’s judgement worthless. A judgement need not be final to hold for now.
If I had to check every work to see whether it still matched “my language”, I would eventually start managing that language. If I also judged every phase by whether it brought me closer to a goal, I would start managing the path too. There would be little room left for something that does not yet have a name.
Sometimes a work is lying in front of me and I still do not know whether it needs anything more. My judgement comes from experience, from what I have learned, from earlier works and from decisions that have taken shape over time. Habits and mistakes are part of it too.
By now, I would even be suspicious of a completely reliable standard. What matters more is being able to trust my own judgement without confusing it with a final truth. In front of an image, it is not enough simply to recognise myself in it. I still have to be able to see what is actually there.
Seeing takes time. Listening does too. That time does not have to justify itself later.
Sometimes attention means continuing to work.
Sometimes it means doing nothing more.
How I know that in any particular case is not something I can fully explain. That is precisely why I do not want to turn it into a rule.
Hesse does not set out a path for me, and neither does Ende. That would be a strange outcome of these readings. Their texts have made the question more difficult.
Perhaps a way of one’s own does not have to remain recognisable all the time. And not every step needs a later destination to justify it. The way I look at what lies behind me can change too.
Perhaps that is precisely what keeps the way open.